When going to build the house, everyone would expect if the house is built it will be called a house meeting and a beautiful, healthy and comfortable. For the beauty aspect of course is relative, because the view is usually not the same when it comes to beauty of the building. But when it comes to the health aspect, usually the default is uniform. In this case, we probably would agree if it's a healthy home meet several criteria, including: air circulation is good, the room is getting enough natural light from the sun, the room layout that facilitates the movement of residents to activities, the availability of open land to plant crops, and so on.
On this occasion I will discuss about building a healthy home with an overview on the circulation of air and natural lighting in the rooms inside the house.
Air circulation systems in residential buildings are usually obtained through a vent or vent. For the outermost region of the room buildings use ventilation for air flow, while for the middle position of building a room that could use a wind catcher channel, or so-called channel or tower wind catchers wind catcher. To make the air can flow naturally vents are usually made in two areas of the wall. The pressure difference inside and outside the building will help the air flow from vents in a single field wall to wall vetilasi in other areas. The amount of ventilation air in buildings (houses) should be sufficient to support the process of circulation of air, fresh air flows from outside into the room.
Form of ventilation is commonly used conventional windows with shutters of glass or wood panels that can be opened wide in the daytime. Then there is also a window bouvenlicht, namely glass windows with 2 blades that have a gap between them that allows the exchange of air. Bouvenlicht usually installed in bathrooms or toilets. There is also a type of window glass Nako with glass blades which can open the lid. Moreover, it also can be shaped ventilation holes with a lattice arrangement of horizontal winds on the walls of the building. Methods for making ventilation holes also vary by making a hole walls, wood frame with horizontal lattice direction, or use the rooster of the concrete material, metal, aluminum or wood.
The best systems are used to design ventilation systems (penghawaan) is a system of natural cross-ventilation (cross ventilation), the cross-ventilation air circulation system arranged in such a way that can flow from one point of the air vents toward the point of the other air vents, and so on the contrary. With the pressure difference inside and outside the building, then the air flow will not be 'trapped' in the house, which led to the house feels stuffy and hot. Another way that can also be done by creating a garden with voids in the house, garden and voids inside the house will help the air circulation in the middle of the room in the house which is quite far from areas of the wall.
If the use of ventilation air felt still less, then it can be done in ways that alternative methods by adding exhauster active ventilation (exhaust fan or blower section wall roof section) which is active with the help of electrical energy will suck and drain the air out of the room, to forced to swap with fresher air from outside through the ventilation holes.
If your house is in urban areas and conditions in your home is really not possible to use the natural (invoice pollution, density or high density level buildings), you can use artificial penghawaan system such as Air Conditioner (AC). Sure must direncankan clearly how the capacity and number of Air Conditioner that will be used. Here's how you can use to calculate the air-conditioning needs in a room:
Suppose the size of the room 3m x 4m.
Area of room = Length of room x width of roomArea of room = 4m x 3m = 12 m²
Coefficient BTU (British Thermal Unit) »500 BTU for 1 m² area of the room
Capacity AC = x Coefficient BTU Room SizeCapacity AC = 12 m² x 500 BTUAC = 6000 BTU capacity
AC standard available capacity market, including:
- AC PK ½ capacity equivalent to 5000 BTU- AC PK ¾ capacity equivalent to 7000 BTU- Air-conditioning capacity of 1.0 OD equivalent to 9000 BTU
So the room with an area of 12 m² requires BTU air conditioner with a capacity of 6000 »Use AC ¾ PK
Because the area (L) = 12 m² and air conditioning capacity of 6000 BTU required, should we buy AC ¾ PK. No need to use the AC a PK because the power dissipation will occur, do not also install air conditioning ½ PK, because the performance is less air conditioning to cool the room enough.
Exposure
As with air circulation (penghawaan), lighting of the room should be rooted in natural light. So in addition to healthy can also save energy. No need to turn on the lights in the daytime. However we are fortunate to live in an area rich in sunshine throughout the year. Aside from being a source of vitamin D, sunlight can also serve to kill some types of fungi and bacteria is negative. Natural light (which comes from the sun) which came into the room can be cleaned at once warm the room to avoid moisture.
Therefore in every room should be made of glass windows relating to outer space. In determining the magnitude and location of windows, must be considered toward the sun. Direct sunlight from the west will make the room very hot. Use the canopy / overstek window to shade windows from direct sunlight and keep the ventilation window of splashed when the rainy season.
Window glass is one element of a building that functions as a place of entry of sunlight into the house. It also can be used void in the room that does not allow for a window fitted, for example because it is limited by the walls of your neighbor's house. Another way is to use a skylight or glass roof or the use of materials carpot Polycarbonate on the roof of your home. The use of bulkhead walls made of glass or glass block can also be categorized as a component of the lighting, as well as one of the architectural ornaments are widely applied in the design of modern houses today.
Non-Based Planning and Direction Setting Sun
We all know that the sun moves from east to west for 12 hours every day. Abundant light that can bring many benefits to humans, including at home. But if not handled and used properly, the sun will only lead to discomfort due to potentially increase the temperature inside the room. For that there are several ways that can be used to determine the spatial positions and openings under the direction of the sun.
a. bedroom
In order for the morning sun can get into this space, put the bedroom in the southeast to the northeast. The incoming beam makes you not feel like getting out early. In addition, this side does not accept hot afternoon so comfortable when used for the rest.
b. Family Room, Living Room and Dining Room
Space should be located along side the northwest or southwest. In this position, the space will have natural light and warm. But to reduce the heat on the west side, the need for special processing such as heat absorber material consumption or use of the lattice wind.
c. bathroom
Usually the bathroom is an area that the moisture level is high, then the area is best if it gets direct sunlight. Put bathroom on the west side or east.
d. kitchen
Kitchen with cooking equipment has the potential to become high-temperature space, then the best option is on the north or south.
e. Space Support / Service
This space is a priority second only to the main rooms have been placed first. The west side of the less comfortable for humans, because it is too hot-the ideal place for the laundry room and drying, to avoid moisture and quickly dry laundry.
Find inspiration for determining the shape or design minimalist home like what's Minimalist apply for your dream house that is able to adapt to the environment around you and certainly not outdated.
Modern Minimalist House image at the bottom of this post may be suitable as our basic reference for determining choice of a minimalist home or imagine how that must fit to be built before starting the Design House.
To achieve occupant comfort in it, some important aspects to note in the construction of a small house are:
* Penghawaan, include the path of air circulation, ventilation (cross ventilation if possible).
* Procedure of space inside, including the arrangement of furniture, furniture design, and use of color.
* Lighting, include the path to menyinaran natural ventilation (natural light), use of color, and placement of the light point.
Another method of making the design earthquake-resistant homes are concrete block with a flexible method of formation. When an earthquake happens, concrete block structure was freed to move flexibly. However, the wall layer is maintained not move in order to avoid cracks. In principle, earthquake-resistant buildings or houses that use a material that is light, but strong. Logically, when forced to collapse due to earthquake, the structure of light material that will not get shut down.
TERMS OF MAJOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
1. Plan a simple and symmetrical
The investigation of damage caused by the earthquake showed the importance of building a simple floor plan and structural elements retaining the symmetrical horizontal force. Such structures can withstand earthquake forces Iebih either because of lack of effect of torque and a more equitable kekekuatannya.
2. Building materials should be as light as possible
Often, therefore ketersedianya certain building materials. Architects and Scholars SipiI must use heavy building materials, but if possible should be used lightweight building materials. This is because the magnitude of the earthquake inertial load is proportional to the weight of building materials. For example roof cover over wooden horses generate horizontal earthquake load equal to 3 x expenses earthquake generated by the zinc roof covering over the wooden horses. Similarly, the pair menghasiIkan brick wall for 15 x earthquake load earthquake load generated by the timber walls.
3. Need for construction system of adequate load-bearing
In order for a building can withstand earthquakes, earthquake inertial forces must be transmitted from each structural element to the main structure honisontal style which then move these forces to the foundation and to the ground.
It is very important that the main structure of the horizontal brace that is supple style. Because, if the elastic force is exceeded, brittle collapse that suddenly will not happen, but at certain places occur Ieleh first.
An example of such deformation of the nails in the log before the collapse occurred due to the bending moment on the trunk.
The way in which these forces flow path is usually called Iintasan style.
Each building must have sufficient force trajectory path to be able to withstand earthquake forces horisosontal.
To provide a clear picture, here is given an example of a simple house with three main points to be discussed is the roof structure, wall structure and foundation.
3.1 ROOF STRUCTUREIf there is no rod stiffeners (bracing) in roof structures that resist earthquake loads in the direction of X then the collapse will occurIf the width of the building is greater than the width of the building may take 2 or 3 bars on stiffeners on each end.With note that the claimant should be a continuous system so that all styles can be streamed through the trunks of these stiffeners.The forces are then applied to the ring beam at ceiling height.The forces of the rod stiffeners and load on the wall perpendicular to the field of producing bending moments in the ring beam.If the length of the wall in the width direction (short direction) is greater than 4 feet will require a horizontal stiffener rods at an angle to remove the burden from the stem wall vertical stiffeners on the field in which the X direction daIam elemnen-weight-bearing structural elements of the main earthquake.Once again ring beams should also be continuous along the wall in the direction of X and Y directionsIn lieu of using a diagonal stiffener rods at an angle, there are 2 (two) alternatives can be chosen oIeh planner;
Ring beam size can be enlarged in the horizontal direction, for example 15 cm to 30cm or as required in the calculation. Bolok ring is mounted on a wall in the direction X.Ceiling is used as a diaphragm, such as plywood.
For the earthquake load direction Y, the system of structures designed to prevent range collapse. To drain the force from the roof to the walls in the Y direction, one of the above alternatives can be chosen which is the use of rod horizontal stiffener ring beams or ceiling using a diaphragm.3.2 WALL STRUCTUREAksiaI styles in the ring beam must be retained by the wall.
On the brick wall styles are detained by the diagonal compression force is decomposed into tensile and compressive force. AksiaI style that works on the ring beam can also cause rotary motion in the wall. This round wall held by his own weight, the weight of the roof that worked on it and Sloof ties to the foundation.If the rolling moment is greater than the length of the wall moments holder must be enlarged.
Another possibility is a system for memperkaku diaphragm wall using plywood, particle board or the like, or diagonal stiffeners wood for the wall chambers.Use of diaphragm walls is preferable because of frequent difficulty to obtain a better connection at the end of the diagonal stiffeners system.Earthquake load acting on the direction of the Y was detained in the same way with the direction X
Sebagal system in which the walls of the main structure should be able to withstand earthquake loads the direction of the field wall, the wall must also be able to withstand an earthquake in the direction perpendicular field wall.For this reason the brick wall (without reinforcement) should be reinforced with practical column with a short distance away. As a practical substitute for this column can be used wooden poles.3.3 STRUCTURE FOUNDATIONFoundation structure important role to remove the burden from the wall to the ground quake.First, the foundation must be able to withstand tensile and compressive force from the vertical wall. This means Sloof receive shear force and bending moment as the last line Iintasan styles before the styles are reaching the ground.
Finally Sloof forces move into the flat lands held by the soil bearing capacity and lateral earth pressure.
Houses made of wood with wood floors and wood foundations like the pictures below requires a rod stiffeners to prevent collapse.
CONCLUSION
From the description above, the shock of the earthquake and how to calculate price for a building earthquake loading, it can be concludedthat:
Elasticity structure is stressed once to prevent the collapse of buildings.
Earthquake forces can only be detained by a continuous structural system (continuous line trajectory styles) from the top of the building to the ground.
Environmentally friendly homes is an integration of the entire process, starting from the initial process design, development, and utilization of the building itself to the environment. One unified process is considered more leads to our concern for the environment.
What aspects should be considered in building environmentally friendly homes?
1. Consumption of resources-saving and efficient (energy, materials, water and land)
2. Both emissions to air, water and land associated with the environment and health
3. And Others (such as noise and vibration).
What if we want to implement environmentally friendly homes? There are so many that must be considered. In essence, in the initial design, try to consider the following:
1. The house is rich in sunlight, so that electricity could be saved.
2. Window is sufficient, so that the air flow remains smooth, so as not to use air conditioning.
3. Enough land for wells.
4. Rich in greenery around the house, so that clean air requirements are met.
5. Household waste disposal installations that can be recycled.
6. Utilizing seefisiensi building materials as possible, not wasteful.
7. And so on.
Not all aspects have to be applied. At least you do not spend the entire area covered with cement house. Consider the need for sunlight and air enough, and this we agree with is something very vital to our lives. Thus we are one of the few people who reduce the impact of global warming.
What are the factors that support an environmentally friendly house to house?
1. Lightweight steel roof truss. Mild steel meruapakn answers from the depletion of the forest wood. Thus sabagai container forests to fend off the effects of global warming can be maintained well. Use of mild steel is more effective, efficient and more precise.
2. sills, shutters, doors using aluminum / PVC / UPVC
3. Ceiling using gypsum and iron frame holow
4. High roof
It is beneficial for circulation of air inside the house.
1. Tritisan width
2. Many openings
3. Ceiling height
4. Canopy of each window
5. Building area should be no more than 60% of land area
You should not use the entire area of the building only, but reserving to the park. Park not only beautify your home, can further serve as a rain water catchment. Not only that, the park could also serve as filters for noise and dust. Be you more concerned with the environment by implementing environmentally friendly homes.
